Improvement in projectiles



UNITED STATES y SAMUEL il. HAYHWK, ()l-` PATENT OFFICE..

IM PRovEM ENT IN PROJECTILES.

Speclieation forming parl ol' Leiters lnti-ni No. 55.796. dah-d .lune lil, 186B.

To all whom it may concern:

Beitknown that I, SAMUEL IIA'rtr llm'cocn, oi' Ottawa, in the county of' Carlton, Canada West, have iliade new and useful Improvements in Projectiles; and 1 do hereby declart` thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the nature and construction ofthe saine, sufiicient to enable one skilled in the art to which it is allied to construct and use the saine, reference being had to the accompanying` drawings, which is made part of this specification, and in which- Figure 1 is a sectional view ot' a projectile with a band upon-it. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a projectile in connection with a inetallie capsule.

The invention consists of a bullet having a conical base or rear end, combined with a eylindrical portion and an elongated point, the center of gravity heilig in advance of the said t cylindrical portion.

I am aware that the bases'oi' projectiles have been rounded, formin g a semi-spherical rear to the projectile, or some .other rounded shape, and also that a round-faeed projectile has been made with a conical rear or base; but I have found that such balls do not fly truly, but are apt to upset in their ilight or at the moment of penetration, and-this I ascribe to the faulty construction involving a misplaeement 'ot' the center of gravity.

ln balls ,with a flat or concave ase great impediment to the flight of the ball is believed to be caused by the partial vacuum behind it. The air, being violently displaced by the forward end ot' the projectile, forms an eddy behind it without filling the space in its rear,

somewhat analogous to the motion of the water 1n the wake of a moving boat of a parabolic horizontal water-section.

.inasmuch as it has been found necessary to l give a taper to the ran of a vessel under the counter at thel place where the water closes in again behind the vessel, so have I'providcd a conical rear end tothe ball, so that the air closes in behind it more directly and with less disturbance, instead of leaving it flat or so rounded as to produce a partial vacuum in the rear ofthe bail.

I am not able to llemonstrate to a certainty that the air closes 'n behind and hugs the surface of the rear enfv of the ball whenitis made conical, as I propose; but i know that it iiies bet-ter, and believe that there Vis less tendency iu the ball when ol' that shape to produce a partial vacuum behind it; and, further, inasmuch as the air cannot be credibly claimed to occupy, at its ordinary pressure, the space in the rear ol' a tint or concave-liased projectile when iu rapid motion, l believe that to fill thisspace with Va cone ot' lead will add to the weight without increasing the displacement or adding to the frictional surluce ot the ball in the bore ol` the piece.

as the concomitant advantage oi' preventing or diminishing the partial vacuum presumed to be formed in the rear ol' projectiles ot' ordinary character.

The cylindrical portion, which fits against. the lands of the bore, is expanded at its rear end by the force of the explosion exerted against the shoulder d d, Fig. 2, so as to occupyY the grooves in the bore; or when,a belt, e, Fig. l, is used the rear edge of the same is similarly expanded for the same purpose.

In vthe drawings, A is the ball. In Fig. l a groove is formed around ittor the. attachment of a band ot' lead or other suitable material, the ball proper being madeofcastiron. The projectile represented in this iigure may thus be adapted for ordnance. 'lhe conical rear is indicated by U, and the ccnteioi' gravity is in advance ot' the said cylindrical portion, which extends forward to the :ed line.

in Fig. 2 the lead bait is shown in connection with a capsule or copper cartridge-case, D, the powder E, and tlange on the capsule for priming and withdrawal, as commonly seen. Ashoulder, d, is formed upon the ball, on which the end ot' the capsule tits, and this shouide'r affords quite a suilicient surface for expansion by the force of the explosion to enable the ball to occupy the boreand utilize the result of the detlagration ot the powder.

I am aware that bullets-have been made of a conical shape with a lat base, or a slightly rounded base, or with a hemispliericalbase; and l am also aware that abullet has been made whose hemispherical face and conical base have been united by a cylindrical portiebutin this case the center of gravity of til-.- bullet has been within or in the rear of th' said cylindrical portion, which is fatal t0 PQI This benefit l believe -to inurel to my conical-lnlsed projectile, as well fect accurac projectile.

p In my bullet the rounded face is so prolonged as to lmake ai comparatively sharp point,and it embraces so large a portion of t the metal of the projectile that the center of gravity is thrown forward of the cylindrical portion, which is a. necessary feature where accuracy of motion is to be secured.

Having described in .the Hight and impact of the my invention, what Ii Patent, is-

claim therein es new, and desire to secure by in projectiles I have'signed my hand this 4th day of June, 1866.

SAML. BATT HAYGOCK. Witnesses:

W. F. HALL, O. BURTON HAYcocK. 

